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<title>Smectite</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Smectite</span></span>

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<p>A <b>smectite</b> (from <a href="Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B7%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw external" title="wikt:σμηκτός">σμηκτός</a></span><i> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>smēktós</i></span>)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">lubricated</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>; from <i> </i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B7%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw external" title="wikt:σμηκτρίς">σμηκτρίς</a></span><i> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>smēktrís</i></span>)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">walker's earth, <a href="Fuller's_earth" title="Fuller's earth">fuller's earth</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">rubbing earth; earth that has the property of cleaning</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-CNRLT_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNRLT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a mineral mixture of various swelling sheet silicates (<a href="Phyllosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllosilicate">phyllosilicates</a>), which have a three-layer 2:1 (TOT) structure and belong to the clay minerals. Smectites mainly consist of <a href="Montmorillonite" title="Montmorillonite">montmorillonite</a>, but can often contain secondary minerals such as <a href="Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> and <a href="Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klockmann_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klockmann-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2></div>

<p>In clay mineralogy, smectite is synonym of montmorillonite (also the name of a pure clay mineral phase) to indicate a class of swelling clays. The term smectite is commonly used in Europe and in the UK while the term montmorillonite is preferred in North America, but both terms are equivalent and can be used interchangeably. For industrial and commercial applications, the term bentonite is mostly used in place of smectite or montmorillonite.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mineralogical_structure">Mineralogical structure</h2></div>

<p>The 2:1 layer (TOT) structure consists of two <a href="Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silica</a> (SiO<sub>2</sub>) <a href="Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry" title="Tetrahedral molecular geometry">tetrahedral</a> (T) layers which are electrostatically cross-linked via an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (<a href="Gibbsite" title="Gibbsite">gibbsite</a>), or Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, <a href="Octahedral_molecular_geometry" title="Octahedral molecular geometry">octahedral</a> (O) central layer. The TOT elementary layers are not rigidly connected to each other but are separated by a free space: the interlayer hosting hydrated <a href="Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cations</a> and <a href="Properties_of_water" title="Properties of water">water molecules</a>. Smectite can swell because of the reversible incorporation of water and cations in the interlayer space.

</p><p>The TOT layers are negatively charged because of the isomorphic substitution of Si(IV) atoms by Al(III) atoms in the two external silica tetrahedral layers and because of the replacement of Al(III) or Fe(III) atoms by Mg<sup>2+</sup> or Fe<sup>2+</sup> cations in the inner gibbsite octahedral layer. As the +4 charges born by Si(IV), and normally compensated by −4 charges from the surrounding oxygen atoms, become +3 due to the substitution of Si(IV) by Al(III), an electrical imbalance occurs: +3 −4 = −1. The excess of negative charges in the TOT layer has to be compensated by the presence of positive cations in the interlayer. The same reasoning also applies to the gibbsite central layer of the TOT elementary unit when an Al<sup>3+</sup> ion is replaced by a Mg<sup>2+</sup> ion in a gibbsite octahedra. The electrical imbalance is: +2 −3 = −1.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_of_interlayer_cations_in_the_swelling_process">Role of interlayer cations in the swelling process</h2></div>

<p>The main <a href="Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cations</a> in the smectite interlayers are Na<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup>. The <a href="Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> cations are responsible for the highest swelling of smectite while <a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> ions have lower swelling properties. Calcium smectite has significantly less swelling capacity than sodium smectite but is also less prone to shrinking when desiccated.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The degree of hydration of the cations and their corresponding hydrated radii explain the swelling or the shrinking behaviour of phyllosilicates. Other cations such as Mg<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> ions exhibit even a more contrasted effect: highly hydrated <a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> ions are "swellers" as in <a href="Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite">vermiculite</a> (totally expanded interlayer) while poorly hydrated <a href="Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> ions are "collapsers" like in <a href="Illite" title="Illite">illite</a> (totally collapsed interlayer).

</p><p>As the interlayer space of smectites is more open and so more easily accessible to water and cations, smectites exhibit the highest <a href="Cation-exchange_capacity" title="Cation-exchange capacity">cation-exchange capacity</a> (CEC) of clay minerals commonly found in the soils. Only more expandable <a href="Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite">vermiculite</a> and some rarer alumino-silicate minerals (<a href="Zeolite" title="Zeolite">zeolites</a>) with inner channel structure can exhibit a higher CEC than smectite.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation_process">Formation process</h2></div>

<p>Smectites are formed from the <a href="Weathering" title="Weathering">weathering</a> of <a href="Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>, <a href="Gabbro" title="Gabbro">gabbro</a>, and silica-rich <a href="Volcanic_glass" title="Volcanic glass">volcanic glass</a> (e.g., <a href="Pumice" title="Pumice">pumice</a>, <a href="Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a>, <a href="Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">rhyolite</a>, <a href="Dacite" title="Dacite">dacite</a>). Many smectites are formed in <a href="Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> <a href="Hydrothermal_mineral_deposit" title="Hydrothermal mineral deposit">hydrothermal</a> system (such as <a href="Geyser" title="Geyser">geyser</a> system) where hot water percolating through the <a href="Porosity" title="Porosity">porous matrix</a> or the <a href="Fissure" title="Fissure">cracks</a> of the <a href="Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a> deposit (<a href="Pumice" title="Pumice">pumice</a>, <a href="Pozzolan" title="Pozzolan">pozzolan</a>) dissolves most of <a href="Amorphous" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorphous">amorphous</a> <a href="Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> (up to 50 wt.% of SiO<sub>2</sub> can be dissolved), leaving smectite in place. This mechanism is responsible for the formation of the bentonite deposit (Serrata de <a href="N%C3%ADjar" title="Níjar">Nijar</a>) of <a href="Cabo_de_Gata-N%C3%ADjar_Natural_Park" title="Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park">Cabo de Gata</a> in the south-east region of <a href="Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almeria</a> in <a href="Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> (<a href="Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>). Wyoming MX-80 <a href="Bentonite" title="Bentonite">bentonite</a> was formed in a similar way during the <a href="Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous Period</a> when volcanic ashes were falling in an inner sea on the American continent. The highly <a href="Porosity" title="Porosity">porous</a> (with a large and easily accessible <a href="Specific_surface_area" title="Specific surface area">specific surface</a>) and very reactive volcanic ashes rapidly reacted with <a href="Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a>. Because of silica <a href="Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a>, most of <a href="Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silica</a> was dissolved in seawater and removed from the ashes giving rise to the formation of smectites. Smectites found in many marine clay deposits are often formed in this way as it is the case for the Ypresian Clays found in Belgium and very rich in smectites.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industrial_applications">Industrial applications</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Bentonite" title="Bentonite">Bentonite</a></div>

<p>Smectites are commonly used in very diverse industrial applications. In civil engineering works, it is routinely used as a thick <a href="Bentonite" title="Bentonite">bentonite</a> slurry when excavating deep and narrow trenches in the ground to support the lateral walls and to avoid their collapse. It is also used as <a href="Mud" title="Mud">mud</a> for <a href="Drilling_fluid" title="Drilling fluid">drilling fluids</a>. Smectites, more commonly called bentonite, are candidate as buffer and backfill materials to fill the space around high-level <a href="Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">radioactive waste</a> in deep geological repositories. Smectites also serve as additive in <a href="Paint" title="Paint">paints</a> or as <a href="Thickening_agent" title="Thickening agent">thickening agent</a> for various preparations.

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<ul><li><a href="Argillaceous_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Argillaceous minerals">Argillaceous minerals</a></li>

<li><a href="Bentonite" title="Bentonite">Bentonite</a></li>

<li><a href="Clay_chemistry" title="Clay chemistry">Clay chemistry</a></li>

<li><a href="Clay_mineral" title="Clay mineral">Clay mineral</a></li>

<li><a href="Clay%E2%80%93water_interaction" title="Clay–water interaction">Clay–water interaction</a></li>

<li><a href="Expansive_clay" title="Expansive clay">Expansive clay</a></li>

<li><a href="Hectorite" title="Hectorite">Hectorite</a></li>

<li><a href="Montmorillonite" title="Montmorillonite">Montmorillonite</a></li>

<li><a href="Nontronite" title="Nontronite">Nontronite</a></li>

<li><a href="Saponite" title="Saponite">Saponite</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFCNRLT2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">CNRLT (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/smectite">"Smectite : Définition de smectite"</a> [Smectite: Definition of smectite]. <i>cnrtl.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2022</span>. <q>Terre qui a la propriété de nettoyer. Earth that has the property of cleaning</q></cite></span>

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<cite id="CITEREFFriedrich_Klockmann1978" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="Friedrich_Klockmann" title="Friedrich Klockmann">Friedrich Klockmann</a> (1978) [1891], <a href="Paul_Ramdohr" title="Paul Ramdohr">Paul Ramdohr</a>, <a href="Karl_Hugo_Strunz" title="Karl Hugo Strunz">Hugo Strunz</a> (ed.), <i>Klockmanns Lehrbuch der Mineralogie</i> (in German) (16. ed.), Stuttgart: Enke, p. 753, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>3-432-82986-8</bdi></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarastRazakamanantsoaDjeran-MaigreNicholson2017" class="citation journal cs1">Barast, Gilles; Razakamanantsoa, Andry-Rico; Djeran-Maigre, Irini; Nicholson, Timothy; Williams, David (June 2017). "Swelling properties of natural and modified bentonites by rheological description". <i>Applied Clay Science</i>. <b>142</b>: <span class="nowrap">60–</span>68. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApCS..142...60B">2017ApCS..142...60B</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clay.2016.01.008">10.1016/j.clay.2016.01.008</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMeunier2005" class="citation book cs1">Meunier, Alain (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dRJbdiNX0zUC&pg=PA108"><i>Clays</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 108–. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-540-21667-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li>Mitchell, J. K. (2001). Physicochemistry of soils for geoenvironmental engineering. In Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering handbook (pp. 691–710). Springer, Boston, MA.</li>

<li>Mitchell, J. K., & Soga, K. (2005). Fundamentals of soil behavior (Vol. 3). New York: John Wiley & Sons.</li>

<li>Mackenzie, R. C., & Mitchell, B. D. (1966). Clay mineralogy. Earth-Science Reviews, 2, 47–91.</li>

<li>Jeans, C. V., Merriman, R. J., Mitchell, J. G., & Bland, D. J. (1982). Volcanic clays in the Cretaceous of southern England and Northern Ireland. Clay Minerals, 17(1), 105–156. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1982.017.1.10">https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1982.017.1.10</a></li>

<li>Wagner, J. F. (2013). Chapter 9: Mechanical properties of clays and clay minerals. In: Developments in Clay Science, 5, 347–381. Elsevier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-098258-8.00011-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-098258-8.00011-0</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/smectite" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/smectite">smectite</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Smectite" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Smectite">Smectite</a></span>.</div></div>

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</style><div id="Clay_minerals158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Clay_mineral" title="Clay mineral">Clay minerals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allophane" title="Allophane">Allophane</a></li>

<li><a href="Chlorite_group" title="Chlorite group">Chlorite</a></li>

<li><a href="Dickite" title="Dickite">Dickite</a></li>

<li><a href="Halloysite" title="Halloysite">Halloysite</a></li>

<li><a href="Hectorite" title="Hectorite">Hectorite</a></li>

<li><a href="Illite" title="Illite">Illite</a></li>

<li><a href="Imogolite" title="Imogolite">Imogolite</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolinite</a></li>

<li><a href="Montmorillonite" title="Montmorillonite">Montmorillonite</a></li>

<li><a href="Nacrite" title="Nacrite">Nacrite</a></li>

<li><a href="Nontronite" title="Nontronite">Nontronite</a></li>

<li><a href="Palygorskite" title="Palygorskite">Palygorskite</a></li>

<li><a href="Saponite" title="Saponite">Saponite</a></li>

<li><a href="Sepiolite" title="Sepiolite">Sepiolite</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AMinerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Phyllosilicates459" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Phyllosilicates459" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Phyllosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllosilicate">Phyllosilicates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mica" title="Mica">Micas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aluminoceladonite" title="Aluminoceladonite">Aluminoceladonite</a></li>

<li><a href="Anandite" title="Anandite">Anandite</a></li>

<li><a href="Annite" title="Annite">Annite</a></li>

<li><a href="Aspidolite" title="Aspidolite">Aspidolite</a></li>

<li>Balestraite</li>

<li><a href="Bityite" title="Bityite">Bityite</a></li>

<li><a href="Biotite" title="Biotite">Biotite</a></li>

<li>Boromuscovite</li>

<li>Bramallite</li>

<li><a href="Celadonite" title="Celadonite">Celadonite</a></li>

<li>Chernykhite</li>

<li>Chromphyllite</li>

<li><a href="Clintonite" title="Clintonite">Clintonite</a></li>

<li>Eastonite</li>

<li><a href="Ephesite" title="Ephesite">Ephesite</a></li>

<li>Ferroaluminoceladonite</li>

<li>Ferroceladonite</li>

<li>Fluorannite</li>

<li>Fluorokinoshitalite</li>

<li><a href="Mica#Substitutes" title="Mica">Fluorophlogopite</a></li>

<li>Fluorotetraferriphlogopite</li>

<li>Garmite</li>

<li><a href="Glauconite" title="Glauconite">Glauconite</a></li>

<li>Gorbunovite</li>

<li><a href="Hendricksite" title="Hendricksite">Hendricksite</a></li>

<li><a href="Illite" title="Illite">Illite</a></li>

<li>Kinoshitalite</li>

<li><a href="Lepidolite" title="Lepidolite">Lepidolite</a></li>

<li>Luanshiweiite</li>

<li><a href="Manganiceladonite" title="Manganiceladonite">Manganiceladonite</a></li>

<li><a href="Margarite" title="Margarite">Margarite</a></li>

<li>Masutomilite</li>

<li>Montdorite</li>

<li><a href="Muscovite" title="Muscovite">Muscovite</a></li>

<li>Nanpingite</li>

<li>Norrishite</li>

<li>Orlovite</li>

<li>Oxyphlogopite</li>

<li><a href="Paragonite" title="Paragonite">Paragonite</a></li>

<li><a href="Phengite" title="Phengite">Phengite</a></li>

<li><a href="Phlogopite" title="Phlogopite">Phlogopite</a></li>

<li><a href="Polylithionite" class="mw-redirect" title="Polylithionite">Polylithionite</a></li>

<li>Preiswerkite</li>

<li><a href="Roscoelite" title="Roscoelite">Roscoelite</a></li>

<li><a href="Siderophyllite" title="Siderophyllite">Siderophyllite</a></li>

<li>Suhailite</li>

<li>Tainiolite</li>

<li>Tetraferriannite</li>

<li><a href="Trilithionite" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilithionite">Trilithionite</a></li>

<li>Voloshinite</li>

<li>Wonesite</li>

<li>Yangzhumingite</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Talc" title="Talc">Talcs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Minnesotaite" title="Minnesotaite">Minnesotaite</a></li>

<li>Willemseite</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pyrophyllite" title="Pyrophyllite">Pyrophyllite</a> series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Ferripyrophyllite</li>

<li><a href="Pyrophyllite" title="Pyrophyllite">Pyrophyllite</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolinites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Bismutoferrite</li>

<li><a href="Dickite" title="Dickite">Dickite</a></li>

<li><a href="Halloysite" title="Halloysite">Halloysite</a></li>

<li><a href="Hisingerite" title="Hisingerite">Hisingerite</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolinite</a></li>

<li><a href="Nacrite" title="Nacrite">Nacrite</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Serpentine_subgroup" title="Serpentine subgroup">Serpentines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amesite" title="Amesite">Amesite</a></li>

<li><a href="Antigorite" title="Antigorite">Antigorite</a></li>

<li><a href="Berthierine" class="mw-redirect" title="Berthierine">Berthierine</a></li>

<li>Brindleyite</li>

<li><a href="Caryopilite" title="Caryopilite">Caryopilite</a></li>

<li><a href="Chrysotile" title="Chrysotile">Chrysotile</a></li>

<li><a href="Cronstedtite" title="Cronstedtite">Cronstedtite</a></li>

<li><a href="Fraipontite" title="Fraipontite">Fraipontite</a></li>

<li><a href="Greenalite" title="Greenalite">Greenalite</a></li>

<li>Guidottiite</li>

<li>Kellyite</li>

<li><a href="Lizardite" title="Lizardite">Lizardite</a></li>

<li>Manandonite</li>

<li><a href="N%C3%A9pouite" title="Népouite">Népouite</a></li>

<li><a href="Odinite" class="mw-redirect" title="Odinite">Odinite</a></li>

<li><a href="Pecoraite" title="Pecoraite">Pecoraite</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corrensites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aliettite" title="Aliettite">Aliettite</a></li>

<li>Brinrobertsite</li>

<li>Corrensite</li>

<li>Dozyite</li>

<li>Hydrobiotite</li>

<li>Karpinskite</li>

<li>Kulkeite</li>

<li>Lunijianlaite</li>

<li>Rectorite</li>

<li><a href="Saliotite" title="Saliotite">Saliotite</a></li>

<li>Tosudite</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> and <a href="Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite">vermiculite</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Beidellite</li>

<li>Ferrosaponite</li>

<li><a href="Montmorillonite" title="Montmorillonite">Montmorillonite</a></li>

<li><a href="Nontronite" title="Nontronite">Nontronite</a></li>

<li><a href="Saponite" title="Saponite">Saponite</a></li>

<li><a href="Sauconite" title="Sauconite">Sauconite</a></li>

<li>Swinefordite</li>

<li><a href="Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite">Vermiculite</a></li>

<li>Volkonskoite</li>

<li>Yakhontovite</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chlorite_group" title="Chlorite group">Chlorites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Baileychlore" class="mw-redirect" title="Baileychlore">Baileychlore</a></li>

<li><a href="Borocookeite" class="mw-redirect" title="Borocookeite">Borocookeite</a></li>

<li><a href="Chamosite" title="Chamosite">Chamosite</a></li>

<li><a href="Clinochlore" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinochlore">Clinochlore</a></li>

<li><a href="Cookeite" title="Cookeite">Cookeite</a></li>

<li><a href="Donbassite" class="mw-redirect" title="Donbassite">Donbassite</a></li>

<li><a href="Gonyerite" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonyerite">Gonyerite</a></li>

<li><a href="Nimite" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimite">Nimite</a></li>

<li><a href="Pennantite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantite">Pennantite</a></li>

<li><a href="Sudoite" title="Sudoite">Sudoite</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Allophane" title="Allophane">Allophanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allophane" title="Allophane">Allophane</a></li>

<li><a href="Chrysocolla" title="Chrysocolla">Chrysocolla</a></li>

<li><a href="Imogolite" title="Imogolite">Imogolite</a></li>

<li>Neotocite</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sepiolite" title="Sepiolite">Sepiolites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Falcondoite" title="Falcondoite">Falcondoite</a></li>

<li>Ferrisepiolite</li>

<li><a href="Sepiolite" title="Sepiolite">Sepiolite</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pyrosmalites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Friedelite" title="Friedelite">Friedelite</a></li>

<li><a href="Mcgillite" title="Mcgillite">Mcgillite</a></li>

<li><a href="Nelenite" title="Nelenite">Nelenite</a></li>

<li>Pyrosmalite</li>

<li>Schallerite</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Stilpnomelane" title="Stilpnomelane">Stilpnomelanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bannisterite" title="Bannisterite">Bannisterite</a></li>

<li><a href="Franklinphilite" title="Franklinphilite">Franklinphilite</a></li>

<li>Lennilenapeite</li>

<li>Parsettensite</li>

<li><a href="Stilpnomelane" title="Stilpnomelane">Stilpnomelane</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>Structural groups mainly; based on rruff.info/ima, modified</li>

<li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AMinerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-02-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Smectite&oldid=1273148490">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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